Book Report, Part 1: the spectrum of the ostrich effect and Promised Land

Most days my writing life feels split, by day reporting on local government affairs — which means lots of time on shale energy impacts here at Barnett Shale ground zero and the new adventures in hydraulic fracturing — and by night, pondering the richness of family life when it is touched by developmental disability.

But sometimes the two writing worlds collide in unexpected ways.

Currently, I’m reading Susan Schneider’s new book, The Science of Consequences: how they affect genes, change the brain and impact our world.

The book is a marvelous literature review for the lay reader. Everything, and I do mean everything, you want to know about the principles of learning from consequences seems to be in this book. Learning from consequences — applied behavior analysis — is huge in the autism world. I do plan on another post that will delve into that later. But for now, I’m enjoying the ride, getting my mind blown at least once per chapter; for example, in “The Dark Side of Consequences,” learning that positive consequences can be negative and negative consequences really aren’t.

Oh, snap!

So, I’m up to page 129, deep in the chapter “Observing and Attending,” and Schneider elegantly lays out the “ostrich effect.” As in, the opposite of what the former mayor of Dish, Calvin Tillman, has offered as a personal tagline: “once you know, you can’t not know.” Or, as in Promised Land, that electrifying moment when someone or something jerks your pretty little head out of the sand and your old wise heart starts pounding, knowing, readying, because what you choose next absolutely defines who you are.

Schneider highlights a whole body of behavioral research that shows people often prefer to look the other way rather than confront bad news. She writes, “We could hope that we humans would be wiser and more willing to take the potential disappointments of observing when it’s in our own best interest.” (p. 129)

But we don’t.

(We learned that lesson early in the Wolfe house. We let people, including “experts,” tell us Sam would “grow out of it” and for two years, and life got worse and worse. After we named the disability and tackled its issues one by one, the whole family’s quality of life got better each day.)

The first study Schneider puts out for the reader is Brock and Balloun’s 1967 classic “Behavioral receptivity to dissonant information.” The participants were asked to listen to a series of messages that were covered up by static, but they had to power to clear the static for three seconds by pressing a button. Researchers let the participants know the message topics and their order. The purpose was to see when they would clear the static and listen in. Smokers listened 35 percent less to a more accurate, but discouraging, message about the link between smoking and lung cancer than another message, which discounted the link. Nonsmokers listened in to both messages.

Bam.

Then, Schneider tells us about a Swedish study of investors and when they looked at their investment portfolios. Of course, they check more often during rising markets, something Vanguard reports, too.

Bam.

With that foundation set, Schneider moves us on to high-stakes, ever-more disturbing human behavior, such as the resistance of prosecutors — hey, jobs and self-image on the line here — when confronted with DNA evidence of a wrongful conviction (see Mistakes Were Made (but Not By Me). To date, some states won’t compensate the wrongly convicted, or even expunge records.

Or the resistance to get an HIV test, even though it is easy and inexpensive, even at the risk of infecting others. “Like cigarette smokers, they are rolling the dice, not wanting to observe and learn the truth,” Schneider writes. (p. 130)

Bam.

Of course, the logical conclusion of this section ends thusly:

“Historians still debate whether Albert Speer, Hitler’s minister of war production, knew about Hitler’s ‘final solution’ for the Jews. Whatever the case, Speer said later that ‘If I didn’t see it, then it was because I didn’t want to see it,’ and he alone at the Nuremburg trials accepted responsibility for the war crimes of the Nazi regime.” (p. 130-1)

Let that sink in for a minute — that full spectrum of the ostrich effect and what it means to humanity.

That’s why that supposedly implausible plot twist in Promised Land, as a storytelling device, has no cognitive dissonance for me. Too many years with boots on the ground in the Barnett, watching the ostrich effect over and over and over again.

But the storytellers in Promised Land still managed to break my heart in the final scene.  Landman Sue Thomason (Frances McDormand) comes to the grocery counter to pay for  pack of Trident and the store owner just gives it to her.

 

Overheard in the Wolfe House #218

Sam (after a frustrating encounter with the hardware of a mounting plate for a dual-sensor smoke detector): I didn’t know the anchors wouldn’t go into the wood. They just turned and turned and made big holes in the wall.

Peggy: Don’t feel bad. Some things you don’t learn until you get the experience. When your dad and I were young parents, we’d call Grandma and Grandpa all the time to ask how to do something.

Sam: Yeah, when you don’t know how, Grandpa knows.

Another social story

I don’t know about you, but I hated the fire alarms and fire drills when I was a kid. These days, the alarms are even louder and more grating. We weren’t going to get Sam through elementary school if he didn’t trust the adults to give him some hint of when the next fire drill would be.

Still, we wrote a social story to help him out. Below is another social story that Sam smiled when re-reading and remembering.

When Paige learned the topic, she told Sam that fire alarms in a college dorm in the middle of winter night in Iowa — because there was really a fire — are more hair-raising than the practice ones when we were all little kids. I agree. We got sent out into the snowbanks at 2 a.m. one January night in Rochester when I was in grad school. Not only scary, but widow-maker cold.

When the Fire Alarm Goes Off

Sometimes as I sit in a class I hear a buzzing alarm go off. The alarm means we are having a fire drill. 

A fire drill gives students a chance to practice for a real fire. Usually there is not really a fire. 

My teacher waits for me to line up with my class at the door. I walk quietly down the hall with my class. 

I walk outside and wait until my teacher says that we can go back inside. 

The fire drill is over when my teacher leads us back inside. 

 

 

Social stories and the Argyle trains

Paige and I were on the hunt for some drawings she did as a child and stumbled upon loads of other fun stuff. I saved a lot of the kids’ work from elementary school. I tried to limit it to their journals and things they created in art class and it still ended up filling several large boxes that either sit on the top shelf of my closet or slide under the bed.

I also saved some of the things that meant a lot to Sam in those years — for example, his social stories.

We were fortunate that social stories came out when Sam was in primary school. We bought a whole binder full of them and wrote some of our own. We made them into little books and covered them with construction paper. Some of them have stickers on them. It meant something back then, but I don’t remember what. I think it’s a hoot, though, that many of them are a cartoon of a head of broccoli running with a fork and knife  from Albertsons, since that’s where he works now.

When family or friends would ask what a social story did, I told them that Sam had trouble picking up social cues. But if we detailed them in a story, he knew to watch for them and then he would know what to do next.

From a stack of about 20 that I’d saved, Sam pulled out this one about the trains first. Like many small Texas towns, Argyle grew up around what is now the BNSF line. When we first moved here from California, we moved to a small house by the train tracks. Sam was five then. And while I don’t remember this very well, he must have been easily distracted by the trains and it was becoming a problem from him attending to important tasks.

Sam said he remembered the stories. And, oh, the smile on his face went from ear to ear as he read it aloud.

“About the Trains” 

We live at the chicken house. Trains go by our house all day and all night. 

I like to watch the trains. First, I can hear the train rumbling in the distance. As the train nears, I can hear its whistle blow. 

Then the red warning lights come on. The engines go by. I can count the engines. The cars come next. I like to see the different kinds of cars. 

When the train is through the crossing, the red lights go off and the crossing arms go up. 

Sometimes I’m too busy to watch the train. I have other things to do. That’s ok. I can always watch the next train go by. 

 

 

 

 

Autism’s top ten research advances

I’m grateful that within the first year of Sam’s diagnosis a friend of my parents copied journal articles for me and showed me how to read them. Kitty told me it was important to keep up — there was a lot of research being done and we needed to transfer that knowledge in how we worked with Sam.

We learned all kinds of interesting techniques (social stories and video modeling were among the best). We also learned to watch for signs of “readiness.” Kitty showed us that speech has a pattern of development and that Sam’s speech could well be following the pattern, just at a more deliberate, rather than dizzying, pace. When Sam looked ready to learn something, we gave him a leg up and tried to stretch that bit of readiness into other skills.

Autism Speaks helps me continue to stay abreast of the latest in research. (You can subscribe to their science digest here.) There is still a lot of work to be done for the young, but Autism Speaks and others are looking at the problems of under- and unemployment for young adults, too. That topic made their top 10 list this year, and that is good news. We have a choice. If we provide people with autism the right support, they can work and contribute. Or we can do nothing and pay a much, much higher price.

Christmas Eve

No other holiday has a night before the way Christmas does. There’s this quiet that comes on Christmas Eve, if you let it. The more Christmases I celebrate, the more I like Christmas Eve.

Glass bulb, 2012

Glass bulb, 2012

I try to make a lot of the presents we give instead of buy them. It forces me to plan ahead and, as a result, elevates the entire experience a little.

The kids and I have let some of our traditions evolve, too, so no one goes crazy trying to keep something going. When the kids were little, we made a gingerbread house and took it to preschool for the Christmas party. All the kids had fun picking it apart to take a piece home. When they got older, I made a one-dimensional piece for the mantel one year. Then I just made dough so the kids could make cookies. This year, Paige asked when she got home from the U of Iowa if there was any gingerbread dough in the freezer. There wasn’t, and we didn’t make any.

But on a whim, we stopped at the Russell Stover factory store in Terrell on the way to celebrate the season with Aunt Regina in East Texas. We bought a cardboard gingerbread house filled with peanut brittle.

New to the tree in 2012

New to the tree in 2012

We spent some time in downtown Kilgore, ate lunch at Nanny Goat’s Cafe, came back to Regina’s house and sang Christmas carols around the piano in the parlor. We played dominoes, too. We did cast a glance toward SantaLand on the way home (2.5 million lights strung along a driving trail in the East Texas woods), but saw the rush-hour-sized car line and took a pass. It had been a nice day. We didn’t need to spoil it.

Tonight, we are waiting for Sam to come home from work. He will help close the store. I had to work today, too. All that makes it hard to switch gears and make it to a candlelight service, but it doesn’t matter. We know how to do this. The serenity is settling in.

Happy Christmas everyone.

Great Hall, Wolfe House 2012

Great Hall, Wolfe House 2012